New book by longtime advocate describes Milton Wexler’s incomparable contributions to Huntington’s disease research and beyond

 

A new book portrays the largely unexplored personal and psychological context of the quest to understand and defeat Huntington’s disease: a biographical memoir of Milton Wexler (1908-2007), the founder of the Hereditary Disease Foundation (HDF) and key mover in the discovery of the HD gene.

 

In late 2022, Wexler’s daughter, historian Alice Wexler, published The Analyst: A Daughter’s Memoir (Columbia University Press). She is a longtime Huntington’s disease advocate and chronicler of the cause.

 

The Analyst adds unique dimensions to HD history, building on Alice’s groundbreaking work. In 1995 she authored Mapping Fate: a memoir of family, risk, and genetic research (first published by Random House and Times Books, then reissued by the University of California Press). In 2008, she wrote The Woman Who Walked into the Sea: Huntington’s and the Making of a Genetic Disease (Yale University Press).

 

This year marks the 30th anniversary of the discovery of the huntingtin gene, announced in March 1993. Through the HDF and in collaboration with a global team of scientists, Milton and his neuropsychologist daughter Nancy, Alice’s sister, spearheaded the hunt for the gene, as recounted in Mapping Fate. In The Woman Who Walked into the Sea, Alice explored the social and medical history of HD in the 19th and 20th centuries, helping explain the stigma HD families still face.

 

The sisters’ mother Leonore was diagnosed with HD at the age of 53 in 1968. That led Milton to immediately start the HDF, which focused on the development of treatments.

 

In 1993 the discovery of huntingtin “immediately transformed Huntington’s research,” Alice writes in The Analyst. “Suddenly it was possible for researchers to make animal and cell models and study how the gene worked at the cellular and molecular level. They could test drugs and other molecules in mice and sheep, fish and flies, as well as in human beings.”

 

Milton was “ecstatic and also relieved,” Alice recalls. “We even allowed ourselves to imagine that a treatment, and possibly a cure, might be on the horizon.” HDF-sponsored researchers and other scientists around the globe are still striving to achieve that goal.

 

 

Meeting’s life’s difficult challenges

 

Drawing on access to her father’s extensive personal correspondence, her diary, and archival sources enabled Alice, with decades of hindsight, to present her father’s story – in which the fight against HD became his life mission – in intimate detail.

 

Describing Milton, Alice is meticulous, often critical, but always loving – a reflection of the complex relationship of a highly successful professional with daughters that he wanted the best for and whose lives he fought for. She adds a valuable feminist perspective, for example, interpreting her father’s friendships by analyzing masculinity and male intimacy in the 1950s.

 

In addition to Milton’s incomparable contributions to HD research, The Analyst depicts key aspects of American life in the second half of the 20th century. It delves into Jewish life in Brooklyn, which spurred Milton’s ambitions, taking him to Kansas and then to Los Angeles.

 

Portraying her father’s main career as a psychoanalyst, Alice helps to rescue the history of a field that has lost relevance with the emergence of other forms of therapy, though it continues as an intellectual field. Milton saw great value in psychoanalysis’s way of helping people understand their emotions but he increasingly practiced more direct forms of therapy, focused on the here-and-now. As he put it, “insight alone does not change behavior.”

 

Alice demonstrates how much of Milton's early career trying to understand and treat schizophrenia helped him to confront this other knotty problem, HD.

 

In an appendix, The Analyst lists “sayings of Milton Wexler” – including a 1998 note to a President Bill Clinton in crisis – regarding challenges such as the loss of a child, self-defeat, depression, personal identity, loneliness, and risk for a disease such as HD.

 

Milton’s embrace of talk therapy is a key reminder for HD families overwhelmed by the disease's  many social and personal challenges that help is available, and that individual and family therapy can make a difference. He believed that people should not have to struggle on their own.

 

In Los Angeles, Milton became a therapist for many in the arts and entertainment – a practice that he parlayed into significant donations for the HDF.

 

(Click here to read more about my own journey with psychoanalysis as an aid to fighting HD.)

 

‘The nightmare is the children’

 

With new material and perspective, Alice expands on the difficult moments described in Mapping Fate regarding  Leonore’s diagnosis, Milton’s deep fears that his daughters would be affected, and his  “frantic search for information” about HD and scientific contacts that in a matter of weeks spurred the concept of the HDF.

 

Leonore’s diagnosis and HD were “the great poison in my life,” Milton wrote his brother Henry in May 1968 in a letter uncovered by Alice. “But the nightmare is the children.[…] For me there is only dread in the air.”

 

Milton divorced Leonore but nevertheless cared for her impeccably and guaranteed her financial security. Leonore died in 1978 at 63, ten years after her diagnosis..

 

Providing intellectual fuel

 

With his background in psychology and prior experience as an attorney, Milton advocated for a multidisciplinary approach to solving HD and other neurological disorders. He championed the interplay of psychoanalysis and neuroscience in a move critical for HD research. He also grasped the growing importance of molecular genetics and its potential value for Huntington’s.

 

From this perspective Milton developed unique HDF workshops involving informal, spontaneous discussion – as opposed to dry scientific presentations with slides – as the main driver of the search for the HD gene and the quest for treatments. The first took place in 1971. Held in hotel rooms or at universities, these gatherings typically involved 15 to 20 participants.

 

As Alice reports, Milton believed that real creativity resulted from “casual conversation and carefree association among people in the same or related disciplines.”

 

While finding prestigious veteran scientists for HDF’s advisory board, Milton recruited younger researchers, including women, as the organization’s intellectual fuel.

 

As Alice observes, the HDF formed part of a trend in which “philanthropy assumed an increasingly influential role in funding science and meeting social needs.” Contributions to the HDF swelled. It established an endowment to fund future workshops and critical research grants.

 

The challenges of genetic testing

 

Alice reflects on her family’s monumental role in finding the gene and also the irony that neither she nor her sister chose to get the genetic test – a test which “opened a Pandora’s box of legal, social, and ethical challenges and raised many personal questions for Nancy and me.”

 

The test developed shortly after the 1993 discovery of huntingtin enabled 100 percent accuracy in detecting the HD mutation. Prior to this, research had established that each child of an affected parent has a 50-50 chance of inheriting that mutation. As Alice showed in The Woman Who Walked into the Sea, deep stigma and discrimination increased around HD in the 1900s.

 

“None of us considered the possibility of the genetic test to resolve the uncertainty,” Alice writes, referring to the time when she began noticing subtle changes in Nancy. “For all our knowledge of psychology, we turned to denial, that most primitive of defenses. We worried, we wondered, and then we denied. It simply could not be.”

 

Indeed, to this day, only about ten percent of persons at risk for HD choose to be tested.

 

At 81, Alice has not developed symptoms. In 2020, Nancy revealed her HD diagnosis to the New York Times. At 78, she bravely struggles with HD symptoms yet keeps abreast of the latest scientific developments. She now works with a writer on her memoir.

 

Solidarity and hope

 

Along with Mapping Fate and The Woman Who Walked into the Sea, Alice’s warm portrayal of her father in The Analyst shows how he helped the HD community advance in understanding the disorder and seek anxiously awaited treatments to slow, stop, or reverse the disease.

 

Milton lived a full, fascinating, and challenging life, dying peacefully in 2007 at age 98, at Alice and Nancy’s side. In multiple ways, he serves as a model – especially for the idea that when faced with an enormous and difficult challenge, becoming an activist can be the best form of  therapy.

 

The legacy of the discovery of huntingtin, as well as HDF’s scientific leadership, help build solidarity and hope for a better future for HD and all other neurodegenerative diseases.

 

 

Milton Wexler flanked by daughters Nancy (left) and Alice in 1992 (photo by Mariana Cook)

Factor-H partners with Latin American organizations to aid destitute Huntington’s disease families, seeks to expand support

Looking to aid some of the destitute Latin American families whose critical participation in research led to the discovery of the Huntington’s disease gene, the humanitarian organization Factor-H is poised to seek new funding sources to expand its support in the region.

Founded in 2012 and based in Los Angeles, Factor-H has spent several hundred thousand dollars on projects for and direct aid to poor HD families. 

On July 27 in Los Angeles, Factor-H president and co-founder Ignacio Muñoz-Sanjuan, Ph.D., took part in the world premiere of the short documentary film Dancing at the Vatican, which features South American HD-afflicted families’ remarkable 2017 encounter with Pope Francis at the Vatican.

At the historic Rome event – for which Factor-H played the key role of selecting and arranging logistics for South American families – Francis declared to a global audience of 1,500 HD family members, scientists, and supporters that HD should be “hidden no more.”

Known as #HDdennomore, it was the first time any pope or world leader met with HD-affected individuals.

“It was probably the most significant milestone of what we’ve done,” Dr. Muñoz said in an interview with me on July 29 at the Los Angeles office of CHDI Foundation, the nonprofit virtual biotech focused exclusively on developing HD treatments and where he is vice president for translational biology. “I think it did give us, as an organization, visibility and some credibility that we can do things that are of a certain magnitude.”

The Dancing at the Vatican premiere launched a new fundraising effort by Factor-H. Dr. Muñoz and the film’s producers, including #HDdennomore organizer and Dancing at the Vatican producer and narrator Charles Sabine (like me an HD gene carrier), are seeking to distribute the film widely. In about a year, it will become available online for free. (Click here for my preview.)

Dr. Muñoz holding hand of HD man in South America (Factor-H photo)

‘A very compelling story’

“It’s a very compelling story, very moving, and very positive in its approach,” Dr. Muñoz observed about the film. Viewing it can help people “fully grasp” the extreme poverty and challenges faced by many Latin American HD families.

Dr. Muñoz said Factor-H will use the film to raise awareness about those families’ needs and reach out to donors. “H,” according to the organization, means “hope, humanity, Huntington’s.”

According to Dr. Muñoz, the film captures well “the intersection of disease with poverty and social justice, which I think the HD experience really highlights very well, and I think the documentary does a very good job of highlighting that.”

Dr. Muñoz answering a question at the Dancing at the Vatican premiere (photo by Eddie Sakaki)

Hiring an executive director

Also, Factor-H has received a grant from the Griffin Foundation to hire an executive director, Bianca Moura, to assist with fundraising and media exposure, and to ease the burden on the all-volunteer board by handling day-to-day operations.

The Brazilian-American Moura, who holds a B.A. in development studies from the University of California, Los Angeles, has worked the past 25 years in business leadership positions and as a consultant. She served as board president and executive director for the Miami Beach-based cultural nonprofit Rhythm Foundation.

She will join the Los Angeles-based Factor-H on September 1.

Gene Veritas (aka Kenneth P. Serbin) with Bianca Moura at Dancing at the Vatican premiere (personal photo)

Challenges in Latin America

In recent decades, Latin American countries have generally experienced stronger democracy and rising living standards. However, in the past few years Venezuela has slipped into a deep political and social crisis, causing four million people to flee the country, a record for Latin America.

Also, Latin American societies remain deeply unequal. In many parts of the region, especially outside the developed neighborhoods of the large cities, the social, medical, and governmental infrastructure is poor and sometimes even non-existent.

There is also little knowledge or understanding of HD.

In 2006, as newsletter editor for the San Diego Chapter of the Huntington’s Disease Society of America  (HDSA), I published an article by 2001 HDSA Person of the Year Phil Hardt documenting the private “jails” in which HD-affected people were locked up by ill-informed relatives in the small town of Juan de Acosta in rural Colombia. The town, about 24 miles west of the city of Baranquilla, has the world’s second largest cluster of HD-affected individuals. Hardt works with Factor-H in the implementation of a children’s project in Colombia (see below).

As Dr. Muñoz observed in our July 29 interview, today some HD families lack fresh water and sewage systems. They live in shacks with little or no furniture. Because physicians specializing in neurology and movement disorders like HD also tend to concentrate in the cities, many of the families living in rural areas or in small towns do not have access to specialized care, he added.

In such a setting, families with Huntington’s disease face enormous challenges.

Giving back to poor communities that helped

Visiting such places in Colombia, Venezuela, and elsewhere was a “life-changing experience” for Dr. Muñoz, he told the audience after the screening of Dancing at the Vatican. He saw people from HD families searching for food in the streets, many abandoned children, and young children caring for their HD-stricken parents.

“There is really little chance of a normal childhood,” Dr. Muñoz pointed out. “Many children living with Huntington’s disease or from HD families are discriminated against. Their lives are full of fear and trauma, due to Huntington’s and social exclusion.”

Dr. Muñoz met patients who went years without any kind of medical or social assistance. Others he met eventually committed suicide.

The Lake Maracaibo region of Venezuela, less than 300 miles east of Baranquilla and also on South America’s north coast, has the world’s largest concentration of HD-affected individuals – described by Sabine as HD’s “ground zero.” There pioneering scientist and HD-family member Nancy Wexler’s research, which included collecting blood samples from the people, helped lead to the discovery of the huntingtin gene in 1993. Some villages in the region have as many as 20 percent of their residents living at risk for the disease, Dr. Muñoz observed. 

(The Casa Hogar, a nursing home and clinic in the Maracaibo area for persons living with HD, opened in 1999 thanks to the efforts of Dr. Wexler and a Venezuelan physician, Margot DeYoung.  At present there are no patients living in the Casa Hogar, although outpatient counseling may be available on a limited basis.)

Factor-H wants to “give back” to those and other impoverished HD communities, Dr. Muñoz concluded, issuing an appeal for support.

“At the end of the day, it’s a civil rights issue,” he added in our July 29 interview. “People should have access to fresh water, to decent care, to a bed. Nobody with HD should be dying or in shame or been abandoned by the families, let alone by their governments.”

Supporting basic needs, education, and medical care

As a result, Factor-H has spent several hundred thousand dollars assisting HD families, so far mainly in Venezuela and Colombia, Dr. Muñoz told me in an August 7 e-mail.

Factor-H has focused on helping meet basic needs, arranging for potable water, clothing, medications, specialized medical care, burial services, and legal assistance. It supports the education of children and also of caregivers and patients, including audiovisual materials for the illiterate.

Factor-H also assists with establishing sustainable community development projects to reduce the huge economic burden HD typically causes for families. In the future, it hopes to help establish community centers.

Building a sense of pride for young at-risk people

With its emphasis on children and teens, in 2015 Factor-H established Project Abrazos (“hugs” in Spanish). The program helps children remain in school. The program currently supports 42 Colombian and 100 Venezuelan children ages 5 to 15, all at risk for HD. Factor-H also helps promote sports and recreational activities.

In Colombia, the children also get to vacation during summer and at Christmas “so they have a proper childhood,” Dr. Muñoz said at the premiere. “It’s wonderful to see them doing so much better than when we met them.”

In July 2018, Factor-H co-sponsored the first Latin American Huntington’s Disease Conference in Barranquilla. The conference included activities for Juan de Acosta residents. It was structured to address HD not just as a medical or educational challenge, but also as a social problem, Dr. Muñoz explained.

In tandem with the conference, the Huntington’s Disease Youth Organization (HDYO) organized a meeting for young people from six Latin American countries. For many, it was their first experience of global solidarity and friendship in the HD cause. Factor-H hopes to hold the conference every two years.

Dr. Muñoz described how teens and young people experience the shame, stigma, and social isolation often associated with HD. 

“In many cases, they felt nobody was going to love them and marry them, because they came from an HD family,” he explained in our July 29 interview. “In many instances, I felt that people had no hope that they were going to lead a productive life because they were going to die from Huntington’s, so therefore why go to university and so forth.” 

To overcome this outlook, Factor-H seeks to build a sense of pride, confidence, and growing sense of community in young people, which will help create a new generation of leaders for the Latin American HD community, Dr. Muñoz pointed out. 

Anyervi’s transformation

At the premiere, Dr. Muñoz offered the example of how the life of Anyervi Gotera, 16, of the Maracaibo region, has been transformed by Factor-H and #HDdennomore – despite having learned the day after meeting Pope Francis that he has juvenile HD, in which symptoms appear as early as the toddler years.

Before the pope's arrival in the Vatican auditorium, Anyervi was honored on stage and given a soccer ball and jersey autographed by Brazilian star Neymar.

“When I first met Anyervi a couple years before then, he wouldn’t look at me in the eye,” Dr. Muñoz told the audience. “He was embarrassed, almost ashamed. He didn’t get out of his home in San Luís. He had no friends. He had been pulled out of school because he was being bullied. He usually played alone with a small ball in the back of the house.

“However, today I can say for sure that Anyervi’s story is one of very profound change. He’s adored by his community. He has many friends – his mother would say too many. He’s a very confident teenager, in spite of the disease and because of his speech impediments. In some ways, he has become a hero in his own town.”

Sadly, juvenile HD sufferers like Anyervi rarely live beyond their 20s and often die in their teens. Anyervi’s HD-stricken father, who passed on the gene to his son, died earlier this year. He was in his 40s. 

Juvenile HD-affected Anyervi with soccer ball after #HDdennomore, May 2017 (photo by Gene Veritas)

Establishing trust

In order to understand HD families’ needs, Factor-H also assists with the socioeconomic mapping of HD communities in Latin America. However, Dr. Muñoz stressed that it does not conduct or finance any scientific or clinical research.

Instead, Factor-H aims to form a “trusting relationship” with HD families, he explained in our July 29 interview.

“A lot of the initial experience of impoverished communities with Huntington’s disease with medical or scientific professionals has always been around their participation in a scientific or clinical study,” he said. “So there was a bit of a misperception that I was there as a scientist to study them, which wasn’t the case.

“Our strategy from the beginning was to get to know them as individuals and as a community, understand their history, understand their needs, and also identify local organizations or community leaders who we could work with to channel help and be able to implement projects to their benefit.”

Thus, Factor-H partners with local HD associations, foundations and nonprofit organizations, universities and medical schools, aiming to maintain full transparency, for example by holding public meetings, Dr. Muñoz said.

(Though #HDdennomore indicates progress, the Catholic Church has offered limited and sporadic assistance so far, but Dr. Muñoz said he believes more help may be forthcoming. Recently, Factor-H received a small grant from the Italian branch of Caritas, the Catholic international aid agency.)

Local HD groups and families need “to be involved at every step of the way,” Dr. Muñoz said. “We don’t want to be an organization that comes in from outside to tell people what they need to do.” 

Factor-H and its partners seek to raise awareness regarding HD among Latin American governmental and nongovernmental organizations, then stress the need to assist affected families with specialized support, Dr. Muñoz explained.

Expanding across Latin America – and beyond?

According to Dr. Muñoz, in addition to Venezuela and Colombia, Factor-H has also pursued projects in Chile and Peru. It brought an Argentine family to #HDdennomore and has also done fundraising in that country, and it involved Brazilians in the 2018 HD conference in Colombia. Factor-H has also received inquiries from Ecuador and Costa Rica.

Factor-H would like to extend to all of Latin America, Dr. Muñoz said.

In Brazil alone, Latin America’s largest country (and the world’s fifth largest) with 210 million people, an estimated 20,000 people have HD. (Dr. Muñoz visited a poor, isolated HD community there in 2013.) Mexico, the world’s eleventh largest country, also doesn't yet have Factor-H programs.

Indeed, HD organizations, even in rich countries, have been able to afford family and community assistance at best only on a small scale.

WeHaveAFace offers a small family assistance program currently operating in Canada, but the U.S. branch is currently out of funding, Kevin Jess, the WeHaveAFace Canada vice president, told me in an August 9 Facebook interview.

HDSA and its National Youth Alliance provide scholarships to its annual conventions, but have no family assistance program. However, as HDSA CEO Louise Vetter explained in a phone interview August 12, the organization keeps the HD community informed of other assistance programs such as the Thomas Cellini Huntington’s Foundation and Healthwell Foundation’s fund to help with HD medications.

HDSA assisted Factor-H with #HDdennomore, the shooting of the footage for Dancing at the Vatican, and the Los Angeles premiere, Vetter said. It has also helped Factor-H with project management.

“It’s part of our responsibility to the global community that we make sure that all families affected with HD have access to the best information and best resources,” she said, adding that HDSA is also “very active in international partnerships and collaborations” with HDYO, the International Huntington Association, the European Huntington Association, and HD Cope.

Noting that the Factor-H is applicable anywhere, Dr. Muñoz believes that it could someday set up elsewhere in the developing world. 

“Any family with Huntington’s that’s living in difficult situations socially or financially, if we can help, we should be able to help,” he said.

For any of this to happen, he added, Factor-H needs broader support among both individuals and institutions.

Watch my July 29 interview with Dr. Muñoz in the video below. Just below that video, watch our additional interview in Spanish about Dr. Muñoz’s scientific background and research, Factor-H, and the progress towards HD treatments.

Francis made a day of ‘superlatives’ for the Huntington’s disease community, says event co-organizer

Pope Francis created a moment of “superlatives” for the Huntington’s disease community in his historic May 18 meeting with HD-afflicted families, international advocate Charles Sabine said a day later, citing record involvement in the cause, global awareness, and a “poignant” focus on HD’s tough challenges.

A former foreign correspondent for NBC News and presymptomatic carrier of the HD gene, Sabine helped organize “HDdennomore, Pope Francis’s Special Audience with the Huntington’s Disease Community in Solidarity with South America” (click here for background on the event).

Sabine, as did prominent HD scientist and Italian senator-for-life Elena Cattaneo, read an introductory statement preceding Francis’s own speech.

“Your Holiness, today marks a new chapter in the history of humanity’s forgotten families,” Sabine told the pontiff as the audience and web viewers from around the planet listened. “Never before has a world leader recognized the suffering of Huntington’s patients and their carers.”

He described HD as the “harshest affliction known to mankind” and also the “most misunderstood, and until today, the most hidden.” Despite that, Huntington’s has never defeated the human spirit, Sabine asserted. Francis could now affirm that “it is not a sin” to have HD.

Thanking the pope on behalf of the HD community, Sabine praised Francis’s “wisdom” and “compassion, which has shone the light of your church on our disease, at last, so that it be hidden no more.”

In his own stirring speech, Francis elaborated on some of Sabine’s points and declared that HD disease should indeed be “hidden no more!”

Visiting the HD families

The day after, Sabine visited the several dozen HD family members from South America, a main focus of HDdennomore, at their lodgings, the Passionist fathers’ monastery. Located in the historic center of Rome just south of the Colosseum and with a large inner courtyard, the monastery provided the HD families with an idyllic setting for repose and meals. HDdennomore provided transportation to the Vatican and other sites during the week-long stay in Rome.

Charles Sabine (center, white shirt), flanked by HDdennomore co-organizers Ignacio Muñoz-Sanjuan, Ph.D., and Senator Elena Cattaneo, Ph.D., and surrounded by South American HD family members (photo by Gene Veritas, aka Kenneth P. Serbin)

The guests included the juvenile-HD-afflicted 15-year-old Brenda of Buenos Aires, Argentina, the pope’s hometown, and 13-year-old Anyervi, a member of an HD family from Venezuela’s Lake Maracaibo region, the site for decades of critical research in the search for the HD gene led by Nancy Wexler, Ph.D., who attended the event. Both Anyervi and Brenda have been ostracized by other children because of prejudice regarding HD.

Before the pope’s arrival for the audience, Sabine called the two on stage individually. Anyervi received a soccer ball and jersey signed by Brazilian soccer superstar Neymar, who greeted the boy in a short video. Brenda was serenaded in person by Argentine smash-hit singer-songwriter Axel.

Sabine’s reflections

At the monastery, an upbeat Sabine circulated among the families and HD advocates, conversing and joking. He took a break to speak with me about his impressions of the event in its immediate aftermath.

GV: What is your feeling about the meeting with the pope?

CS: It’s mostly a feeling of immense relief that, after a year and a half of planning, on a day when a more than a million things could have gone wrong, nothing major did. That’s my immediate sense.

But I’m so extraordinarily pleased at the words of Pope Francis. That was beyond my control other than the set of notes which I gave him in preparation, which he requested, about the disease. He could not have been more eloquent, poignant, and to the point and focused on the real problems and issues that you and I and everyone else faces with this disease.

And he eloquently and, I believe, truthfully and sincerely made the point that this disease should be – and he used these words – “hidden no more.” And that is something that I could never really have dreamt would happen in my lifetime.

GV: That he’d actually use those words?

CS: Yes. But he did say – and this is important – that it is a great slogan but that it must become more than just a slogan. That’s now what we’ve got to do.

GV: So that’s the question, Charles: what comes next for “HDdennmore” and this whole movement?

CS: Well, I was a little surprised when I read in The Washington Post this morning that the “HDdennomore” event in the Vatican yesterday was the beginning of an initiative. That sounds a little bit daunting. It was the initiative to me! To hear it described as a beginning is both daunting and exciting. Okay, I’ll take that. Let’s call this just the beginning. Where next? Washington? London? We’ll see.

GV: So you’re kind of basking in the joy of this for the time being?

CS: Yeah, I’m just so pleased for all of these families who are standing here in this courtyard of this peaceful Passionisti convent here in Rome with all of these patients. I saw many of these patients a month ago in their homes in Maracaibo. Physically they appear better. They are absolutely flying. They are all smiling, they’re all laughing, they’re all talking.

Okay, they have just had a pretty amazing experience, but it just shows really what can happen. Already we’ve had messages from all over the world of people not only just congratulating us. I’m stunned how many people watched the event. I had no idea that so many people would watch it. I’ve had messages from people who were watching it in the middle of the night on the West Coast. There was one nurse whose family were watching it in the Philippines. People were watching this all over the world.

South American HD families preparing for a group photo at the Passionist fathers' monastery, May 19, 2017 (photo by Gene Veritas)

The reaction has already been intense. We’ve had messages of just not support for the event, but also financial bequests. Anyervi, the little 13-year-old who got the Neymar shirt, he’s already had a wealthy benefactor in Italy who’s asked to sponsor him now for the rest of his life. We’ve had other requests to help.

We had a meeting just yesterday, which followed after our event, with industrialists who are looking into ways in which they can help South American families, in particular in Venezuela, where one of them has land he’s donating now with a view to providing food. There was a clinicians’ meeting after that. They were coming up with ideas for working together to get drugs and medical services into South America. It’s already happening.

Anyervi of Venezuela (photo by Gene Veritas)

GV: Did you have a meeting with a cardinal and/or other people in the Vatican afterwards?

CS: Yes, I wasn’t present at them, but there have also been meetings with cardinals to get across the points that Pope Francis made so eloquently and directly about how this disease has been ignored.

And he admitted it. He was very frank. The pope said and was implicitly admitting that his church had failed. He didn’t want to say it like that, but he said these people have been ignored. He didn’t say these people have been ignored, but not by the Church. He said they’ve been ignored. That means they’ve been ignored by the Church. And that’s a wonderful admission.

What we need to do now is to insure that his words are now made into actions on the ground by the cardinals, the archbishops, and the priests across not just South America but all around the world to make it understood that this should be a disease that no one should feel, as I said in my words there, that it is a sin. I spoke to the pope yesterday. I said thank you for making clear the truth – one of the truths that’s been omitted from this disease for centuries – which is that it’s not a sin to have Huntington’s disease in your family.

GV: The pope mentioned the issue of embryonic stem cells. Do you want to comment on that?

CS: It was a little bit of a shame that he did that. It’s the one thing about that speech that was a little bit disappointing. I don’t think he needed to get into that because it wasn’t particularly relevant to that event.

Unfortunately, many of the newspapers from around the world have taken that as a headline, which is a bit of a shame. [The Pope stated that no scientific research, no matter how “noble” its goal, “can justify the destruction of human embryos.”] Of course, that’s an issue that’s still a stumbling block with the Catholic Church. But I personally don’t think that for one second his mentioning that in his talk should take one iota away from the fact that it was a resounding, total success.

Pope Francis during the HDdennomore special audience (photo by Gene Veritas)

GV: Do we know who wrote the pope’s speech?

CS: I don’t know. I gave him three pages of notes that talked about what we go through, including, in particular, the shame and the stigma. And certainly the themes that were in that I saw in there. I don’t whether he wrote it or if he had others. But they wrote it very, very well.

It was really, I thought, brilliantly working in, as he would naturally, the point of mercy and Jesus. The event yesterday personified yesterday more than any other event exactly that new philosophy of his of putting mercy before doctrine, which is not a popular one amongst many on the right.

But the fact is, there were so many superlatives yesterday. There were 1,700 people there, according to the Associated Press and Reuters. That was by far and away the largest collection of people with regard to Huntington’s disease, by some measure. There were 150 patients – at least – that were there, and probably a lot more. That in itself is another record. There have never been that many people in one room affected by Huntington’s disease. There could have been people in there affected by disease that we didn’t meet.

There were at least 27 countries represented. I don’t know whether that’s a record, but certainly the other two are.

(My trip to Rome was made possible by the College of Arts and Sciences, the Frances G. Harpst Center for Catholic Thought and Culture, the International Center, and the Department of History of the University of San Diego. I am grateful for the institutional and moral support of my colleagues and students.)