Latest data show uniQure gene therapy continues to slow Huntington’s disease, but at a reduced rate

  

The latest update from uniQure on its gene therapy for Huntington’s disease demonstrates that it continues to slow the progression of Huntington’s disease, but at a reduced rate compared to data from 2025.

 

Last year uniQure reported that its drug, AMT-130, had slowed HD progression by 75 percent over a three-year period.

 

Breaking its promise to allow uniQure to apply for drug approval in early 2026, the dysfunctional U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommended that the company conduct a new, full-blown clinical trial of AMT-130. After the HD community petitioned the FDA and the agency’s ineffective commissioner resigned, uniQure was allowed to submit its application, based on data from people who had completed three years in the study. It did so on September 2.

 

On September 29, uniQure released new data from a group of twelve clinical trial volunteers who had completed four years in the study. (Click here for the press release.)

 

Those individuals showed a slowing of the disease by 44 percent – an encouraging sign but, as uniQure itself acknowledged, not considered statistically significant because that improvement could have occurred by chance.

 

Key measures have improved

 

AMT-130 now has an official generic name, ifezuntirgene inilparvovec.

 

"Four years after a single administration, ifezuntirgene inilparvovec continues to show meaningful slowing of disease progression, further strengthening our conviction in its benefit for people living with Huntington’s disease," Walid Abi-Saab, M.D., uniQure’s chief medical officer, stated in the release.

 

Dr. Abi-Saab reported that at 48 months, Total Functional Capacity (TFC), a primary measure of the drug’s effect, “demonstrated consistent slowing of functional decline.” The higher doses of the drug showed greater benefit, he noted.

 

The updated analysis of those on the drug through 36 months also demonstrated a “substantial effect” on TFC and cUHDRS, another key measure of HD, Dr. Abi-Saab stated. These data reinforce the data already included in the application to the FDA, he added.

 

 

Scientists’ views

 

HD scientists have said that even if the hoped-for 75-percent slowing of HD by ifezuntirgene inilparvovec is less, it could still have a big impact on the disease.

 

Commenting on ifezuntirgene inilparvovec at the Huntington’s Disease Foundation’s biennial conference in August, Sarah Tabrizi, M.D., Ph.D., one of the medical leaders of the uniQure trial, said that the actual effect of the drug could be in the range of 40-50 percent, still a “fantastic” improvement, unprecedented in HD research.

 

"What I find particularly notable in the expanded data is the consistently meaningful treatment effect at 36 months, and the apparent stability of the functional capacity benefit through Month 48,” Victor Sung, M.D., professor of neurology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), director of the UAB Huntington’s Disease Clinic, stated in the uniQure release. “Total Functional Capacity tracks things that matter the most to patients and families – ability to work, perform household chores and handle daily self-care activities.”

 

Seeing that treatment effect “maintained at four years is meaningful for people living with this relentlessly progressive degenerative disease," Dr. Sung added.

 

“A 44 percent slowing of disease progression, now out to 48 months, is still unprecedented and of meaningful value to this patient population,” said uniQure CEO Matt Kapusta. “It’s something no other program in Huntington’s disease has been able to achieve.”

 

Hopeful, but complex results

 

The scientist-written website HDBuzz noted the “hopeful, but complex results” in the uniQure update, including the company’s reliance on external comparators rather than a placebo. This results from the rareity of HD and the fact that ifezuntirgene inilparvovec is injected into the brain with a surgery lasting 12-18 hours.

 

“With only a small number of people followed for 4 years, there is uncertainty around this estimate, so the 44% figure should be interpreted cautiously,” HDBuzz wrote.

 

Jeff Carroll, Ph.D., a leading HD scientist at the Allen Institute and like me an HD gene carrier, reviewed the new uniQure data for STAT. Dr. Carroll was not surprised to see the treatment effect of the drug narrow, because the drug was administered to only twelve individuals.

 

“The fact that we continue to see any benefit in cUHDRS functional capacity scores is hugely exciting,” Dr. Carroll said.

 

“I’m not surprised by the four-year results because this isn’t a cure,” commented Help4HD International advocate and HD gene carrier Lauren Holder. “This is a slowing-of-disease-progression treatment, and so I would expect there’s still decline going on, and we’re going to see that on testing, and that doesn’t mean it’s not working.”

 

Advocates meet with FDA at HD roundtable

 

Before these latest actions by uniQure, and in the wake of the crises created by the former commissioner, the FDA invited representatives of six HD organizations to a meeting at its headquarters.

 

The hour-long lunchtime roundtable meeting on July 30 was chaired by Acting Commissioner Kyle Diamantis, along with several staff members.

 

So far, no HD leader has granted me an interview about this meeting. On July 31, they posted a note on Instagram thanking Diamantis for the roundtable.

 

“We appreciate the opportunity to bring together people with lived experience, advocates, researchers and clinicians to engage in meaningful dialogue,” the note stated. “Collaboration like this ensures the voices of the Huntington’s disease community remain at the center of research, drug development, and regulatory decision-making.”

 

The organizations were Help4HD, HDReach, Huntington’s Disease Foundation, Huntington Study Group, Huntington’s Disease Society of America, and Huntington’s Disease Youth Organization.

 

Regarding the FDA, the uniQure data update, and the company’s pending drug application, Help4HD International’s Holder said, “I honestly can’t say one way or the other when it comes to the FDA. We need to make sure we are educating people at the FDA because I don’t want them misunderstanding the numbers [data] and causing an issue.”

 

Holder added that she remains “very hopeful about this treatment and still very impressed with the results.”

At Huntington's Disease Foundation's symposium researchers push the frontier in urgent quest for treatments

  

At the 14th biennial conference of the Huntington’s Disease Foundation (HDF), a record crowd of some 300 researchers from around the globe pushed the frontiers of science in their urgent quest for treatments for this devastating, deadly brain disorder.

 

Held August 10-13 at the Royal Sonesta Hotel in Cambridge, MA, the event was called HD2026: 14th Milton Wexler Biennial Symposium, in honor of the founder of the HDF, which until 2025 was known as the Hereditary Disease Foundation.

 

From genome editing to artificial intelligence (AI) as a research tool, from HD as a developmental advantage to clinical trial programs, HD2026 explored the hottest topics in Huntington’s science. The symposium took place in the spirit of the HDF’s emphasis on collaboration and group brainstorming, including a two-day genome-editing workshop beforehand for specialists. Participants included academics, biopharma reps, advocates like me, and leaders of other HD organizations.

 

Click here to read my report on HD2026.

Citing lack of efficacy, Roche halts two Huntington’s disease drug programs, while other initiatives forge ahead

  

In deeply disappointing news for the Huntington’s disease community and beyond, Roche announced on July 9 that it stopped two drug development programs because of lack of efficacy in slowing the progression of the disease.

 

Tominersen, a gene silencing drug developed by Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., envisioned as a “laser-guided missile” against HD, in 2021 demonstrated lack of efficacy in a first worldwide trial run by Roche.

 

Roche, however, had believed that tominersen might show at least some efficacy in people at earlier stages of Huntington’s. So it launched a less ambitious second trial in January 2023.

 

In a statement to the HD community, after completing the 16-month treatment period of all trial participants and analyzing the data, Roche stated that “there was no meaningful impact on clinical efficacy for the study participants receiving tominersen, compared to those on placebo.”

 

Roche also said it had halted a preliminary Phase I clinical trial of the HD gene silencing drug RG6496, which had enrolled just three volunteers so far, “because we can no longer offer participants the possibility of long-term treatment” based on data from new animal studies.

 

“We have been humbled and inspired by the 1,500+ HD families and broader community who contributed to both programs – tominersen since clinical studies began in 2015 with our partner Ionis Pharmaceuticals, and RG6496 more recently,” the Roche statement noted. “These contributions changed the history of HD drug development – proving the protein that causes HD could be lowered in humans, shaping new research and approaches, which will undoubtedly lead to future breakthroughs.”

 

 

The setback ‘stings’

 

HD family members expressed sadness about the announcement from Roche.

 

In a Facebook posting, Help4HD International advocate Lauren Holder, like me an HD gene carrier, said the news was “disappointing.”

 

“This was the clinical trial I was participating in,” Jessica Robbins, who has HD, wrote on Facebook, granting me permission to quote her. “Unfortunately, it has come to an end.”

 

Jessica had dedicated two years to the tominersen trial.

 

“I’m not going to lie – am incredibly disappointed and heartbroken,” she wrote. “A setback like this stings, but I don’t regret a single day of it. Even though this door closed, the data from our trial will still help research in the long run. I am proud to have played a part in this fight against HD.”

 

I, too, had hoped to take tominersen, having tracked its development since 2008.

 

Scores of other initiatives

 

Drug development does take years, even decades, as tominersen’s story illustrates.

 

I had found the second trial of tominersen far less compelling, though necessary for the field to advance, because the drug would have been able to help only a portion of HD patients. So the disappointment for me does not match what I felt with the community in 2021.

 

I do remain optimistic that effective therapies will be found – if not for me, at least for those in the next generation, like my nephew Greg Noble, also an HD gene carrier.

 

The HD community has especially focused on uniQure’s AMT-130, a gene therapy that, for the first time, slowed the progression of HD. uniQure and the community have worked tirelessly to overcome the regulatory roadblocks placed by the Trump administration.

 

Roche, too, has not given up on HD science and is working on its own gene therapy.

 

PTC Therapeutics and Novartis have partnered on a clinical trial program using a huntingtin splicer modulator. Skyhawk Theapeutics’ HD program has also shown promise, and the controversial pridopidine, under study by Prilenia, will undergo a new Phase III trial to determine whether the drug can slow progression.

 

Scores of companies continue to work on HD, as do academic labs around the world.

 

I do feel hope!

 

(Disclosure: I hold a symbolic amount of Ionis shares.)

With the ‘worst’ FDA head out and Huntington’s disease advocates pressing for bipartisan reform, uniQure announces new plan to seek gene therapy approval

  

On June 17, uniQure announced a new plan to apply to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to seek approval of its gene therapy for Huntington’s disease  – a dramatic shift after the agency had last year blocked the drug despite results showing, for the first time, that HD progression could be slowed.

 

The announcement comes in the wake of the May 12 resignation of the head of the crisis-ridden FDA, which has clashed with uniQure.

 

In a press release, uniQure reported that, at a recent meeting with the FDA, the agency had accepted that the three-year analysis of the drug, AMT-130, which the company has presented as demonstrating efficacy against HD, can serve as the “primary basis” for a drug approval application.

 

uniQure aims to apply in the third quarter of this year. In alignment with the FDA, the company will also conduct a “confirmatory study” to further test the efficacy of AMT-130. According to early-stage clinical trial results reported by uniQure, AMT-130 had demonstrated a 75 percent slowing in HD over a three-year period – a historic achievement.

 

For the confirmatory study, uniQure will work with the FDA to determine how to evaluate a “concurrent control,” that is, a placebo or comparator to measure drug efficacy in those not receiving the drug. According to the press release, this study would not include a sham surgery as a placebo – a requirement introduced in March by the FDA but considered by many to be unethical because of the already harmful symptoms of HD.

 

According to the press release, the FDA has agreed that uniQure can, for a comparator, still use the patient information from the important Enroll-HD database of affected individuals – a major point of contention in the FDA’s surprise reversal of its promises regarding the study of AMT-130.

 

“Today's announcement reflects the outcome we have worked toward throughout our continued regulatory engagement with FDA, and we are deeply grateful for FDA’s genuine commitment to addressing the unmet need of Americans living with Huntington’s disease,” Matt Kapusta, uniQure CEO, stated in the release. “The FDA has agreed that our current clinical data can support a near-term BLA [biologics license application] submission and has committed to work expeditiously with us to align on the design of the required confirmatory study.”

 

‘A meaningful step forward’

 

The new understanding with the FDA represents a significant shift, because, after previously clashing with uniQure, the FDA recommended in March that the firm conduct a full-blown Phase III clinical trial, including the use of a sham surgery.

 

“Today’s announcement from uniQure represents an encouraging and meaningful step forward for the Huntington’s disease community,” Amy Gray, president and CEO of the Huntington’s Disease Society of America (HDSA), stated in a press release. “I applaud the leadership at the FDA for allowing uniQure to take this important step forward in the development of its investigational treatment for Huntington’s disease.

 

Gray added that “this progress did not happen in isolation.” Following “regulatory hurdles,” the HD community “united like never before.” HD advocates delivered to the FDA two petitions with more than 48,000 signatures in favor of AMT-130. According to Gray, more than 11,000 messages to Congress, participation in legislative meetings, and sharing of personal stories added to the impact.

 

“I am deeply grateful to the Members of Congress who stood with Huntington’s disease patients and families during this effort,” Gray said. “Their willingness to engage with the FDA, ask important questions, and advocate for a regulatory framework that reflects the realities of rare disease research helped ensure that the voices of our community were heard.”

A whirlwind of developments

 

The uniQure announcement about AMT-130 came in at the end of a whirlwind of recent developments. The HD community has regrouped in support of improved drug discovery policy at the crisis-ridden FDA.

 

On April 30, uniQure took the case for its drug to the United Kingdom’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) as a first step to seek approval in that country. The company plans to submit an application in the third quarter of 2026.

 

On May 12 FDA Commissioner Marty Makary, a Trump administration appointee, resigned after what STAT considered to be the “worst” leadership of the agency in 25 years because of “a fundamental lack of understanding of the nature of the role, of the functions of his agency, and of the needs of the employees who worked for him.” His departure prompted calls for rebuilding public trust in, and better leadership at, the FDA (click here and here to read more).

 

On June 1, the FDA announced that Acting Commissioner Kyle Diamantas would meet with rare disease group leaders to seek to steady operations and mend fences with disease groups. That meeting took place on June 3.

 

Jeff Allen, CEO of Friends of Cancer Research, described the encounter as a “breath of fresh air.”

 

The FDA did not invite HDSA and other HD advocacy organizations to join the meeting. The FDA declined to answer questions. As of publication time, a message left at the National Organization for Rare Disorders seeking comment had not been returned.

 

A key briefing on rare diseases

 

However, on June 2, HDSA CEO Gray moderated a panel of five rare disease community representatives at a bipartisan congressional townhall briefing in Washington, D.C., titled “The Pathway to Cures and Treatments for Rare Diseases.”

 

“Rare disease families need a clear and sustainable pathway to research, treatments, and care,” said Gray in an HDSA press release about the event, available on YouTube. “This briefing is an important opportunity to bring patient advocacy organizations, scientific leaders, policy experts, and lawmakers together to discuss how we can advance meaningful progress for families impacted by rare diseases.”

 

With more than 40 people in attendance, the meeting highlighted the suffering of people with rare diseases, the urgent need for effective treatments, and the need to improve the FDA’s procedures. It included comments from both a Democratic and a Republican member of the House of Representatives.

 

The Pathway to Cures and Treatments for Rare Diseases congressional townhall briefing at the Rayburn House Office Building, Washington, D.C., June 2. From left to right, Kathryn Bryant Knudon, The Speak Foundation; Emily Gantman, Ph.D., CHDI Foundation; Lauren Moore, Ph.D., National Ataxia Foundation; Monet Stanford, PharmD, Washington Analysis; Tamara Maiuri, Ph.D., HDSA; Amy Gray, HDSA; and Rep. Jake Auchincloss (screenshot by Gene Veritas, aka Kenneth P. Serbin)

 

Bringing ‘smart’ leadership to the FDA

 

Rep. Jake Auchincloss, a Democrat from the greater Boston area and a member of a family of physician-scientists, said that he was “passionate” about the issue of rare disease drug development. He is on the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee of Energy and Commerce.

 

The subcommittee oversees the FDA. Auchincloss’s focus includes clinical trial reform, which the panelists agreed was important for rare disease drug development.

 

“While the science has never been better in trying to unlock those answers, the politics has never been worse,” Auchincloss said at the briefing.

 

Auchincloss spoke of the need for change on three fronts involving science and research: to bring U.S. research spending back to its previously high levels; to bring “smart” leadership back to the FDA; and to require insurance companies to cover the many new rare disease therapies on the horizon.

 

Auchincloss added that the “most urgent issue now” is to stop the Trump administration’s “unprecedented” cutting of National Institutes of Health grants without the time-honored standard peer review.

 

‘Cut the red tape’

 

Rep. Morgan Griffith, a Republican who represents far western Virginia, chairs the Subcommittee on Health. He supports the cause of the ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) community and pediatric cancer. He spoke about how people with rare diseases in remote areas have difficulty accessing clinical trials in urban areas.

 

Griffith also spoke movingly of the two HD families he has gotten to know.

 

He agreed with Auchincloss’s approach regarding the FDA and clinical trial reform. The two speak regularly on these issues.

 

“We have to figure out a better way to do it,” Griffith said. “It needs to be bipartisan.”

 

Auchincloss is not seeking more money from the government but simply to “cut through the red tape” regarding drug development, Griffith said, adding that people with rare diseases should not be required to “jump through the same hoops” as those participating in clinical trials for less difficult conditions such as nausea.

 

‘We were finally heard’

 

On September 17 and 18, news about AMT-130 dominated bioscience headlines after the uniQure announcement – and provided a needed boost to the HD community.

 

“I’m literally crying right now,” Lauren Holder, a Help4HD International Advocate and, like me, an HD gene carrier, told STAT. “I’m so happy that I don’t even know how to put what I’m feeling into words.”

 

Holder added, “This is the best-case scenario for our community.”

 

“This happened because dedicated patient advocates refused to give up, because this community continued to show up, speak up, and fight, even when it felt like no one was listening,” she said. “Today, it feels like we were finally heard.”

For Huntington’s Disease Awareness Month, reflections on teaching about this devastating disorder at the University of San Diego

  

First proclaimed by President George H. W. Bush in 1991, Huntington’s Disease Awareness Month (May) encourages affected families to share their stories about this rare neurological disorder with the wider world.

 

For that reason, among others, I served on the board of the San Diego Chapter of the Huntington’s Disease Society of America (HDSA) from 1998-2010. In this blog, begun in 2005, I have written articles commemorating HD Awareness Month.

 

A 2019 posting about HD Awareness Month featured a photo of me pointing to HDSA #LetsTalkAboutHD flyers posted on my office door at the University of San Diego (USD), where I teach history and research science and technology studies.

 

As a fulfillment of a long-term goal to advance both awareness-building and deepen my knowledge of HD science, in the spring semester of 2025 I inaugurated a new course, A History of the Brain: Examining Huntington’s Disease. Professors often say that the best way to learn a subject is to teach it. Student feedback is crucial in this process.

 

This month, in the third offering of the course, I distributed a flyer containing HD Awareness Month promotional material from HDSA and the Huntington’s Disease Foundation.

 

Each holding a flyer, three students – Ana-Lucia Moreno, Ava Puorro, and Mia Wilde – had a picture of me taken with them in the classroom and posted it on Wilde’s Instagram with the title “National Huntington’s Disease Awareness Month.”

 

“Best class ever with Dr. Serbin, who has Huntington’s disease and taught us so much about it in class!” they wrote on the posting.

 

They included the link to this blog. “Watch his blog to learn more about HD and how we can make all people feel included.”

 

 

From left to right, Mia Wilde, Gene Veritas (aka Kenneth P. Serbin), Ana-Lucia Moreno, and Ava Puorro in Wilde’s Instagram post about HD Awareness Month. The jacket I am wearing is much-appreciated swag from the Annual HD Therapeutics Conference, sponsored by CHDI Foundation, Inc., the biggest private funder of HD research (personal photo).

 

Keys to understanding the history of HD

 

A History of the Brain has great relevance to the present. At the outset, I acknowledge that I am not a neuroscientist but a historian, HD gene carrier, and advocate.

 

An introductory course that fulfills the history requirement in USD’s core curriculum, A History of the Brain teaches basic skills in how to interpret history. The students have a wide variety of majors and career interests, including premed, neuroscience, biotech, business, natural sciences, engineering, and the humanities. The course also counts towards a major or minor in history.

 

I lecture on the basic scientific understanding of the brain from antiquity to the present, based on the masterful book by Andrew P. Wickens, A History of the Brain: From Stone Age surgery to modern neuroscience. It helps provide an overview of humanity’s understanding of the brain in understandable terms.

 

To launch discussion about the disease, students do short writing assignments based on the course readings. They include neurologist Thomas Bird’s Can You Help Me? Inside the Turbulent World of Huntington Disease. As I stated in my review of the book, “With non-technical, limpid prose, Dr. Bird tells the full story of HD’s wide-ranging medical, socioeconomic, and legal implications through a series of poignant vignettes, based on hundreds of HD cases."

 

The students also read two classic works by prominent HD family member and historian Alice Wexler, Ph.D. In The Woman Who Walked into the Sea: Huntington’s and the Making of a Genetic Disease, Dr. Wexler explains the deep stigma and misunderstanding about HD that developed in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In Mapping Fate: A Memoir of Family Risk and Genetic Research she chronicles the crucial work by her family and a myriad of scientists to discover the huntingtin gene in 1993.

 

Emotional debates and discussions

 

Many days in the course produce deeply emotional debates and discussions.

 

My students’ recognition of the need for social inclusion for all echoes the course’s deep exploration of the stigma and discrimination associated with HD, other neurological disorders, mental illness, and disabilities.

 

Those themes emerge in the books about HD and in the selection of articles from my blog included in the course readings. For its contributions in giving a voice to the HD community, last year my blog received the 11th Victor Gonzalez Santos Community Award, which supports local families in San Diego with HD. My articles, which include stories of my family’s struggles with HD, and my discussions with the students add a deeply personal element to HD and the cause to defeat it.

 

The course studies in details HD’s triad of devastating symptoms: involuntary movements, cognitive loss, and behavioral and psychiatric difficulties. We also delve into many other difficult challenges faced by the HD community, such as genetic testing, family planning, and bioethical issues like abortion and suicide. We also discuss the quest for treatments of this still incurable disorder.

 

Students see how I bared my heart in blog articles like the one about my mother’s final moments before dying from HD and the revelation that I carried the HD gene. As a result, I need to be prepared to talk in class about the most devastating aspects of the disease and the fears of experiencing them myself.

 

College classes provide an exercise in intellectual freedom and debate, with a professor being open to all views. In one class last year we intensely debated police misunderstanding and mishandling of HD-affected individuals, who are often seen as being under the influence of drugs or alcohol.

 

I introduced the students to something new for most of them: the Psychiatric Emergency Response Team, which has specialists trained to interact with and identify resources for those with behavioral health issues and who may pose a threat to themselves or others. The students concluded that this team was the appropriate alternative to calling the police in the case of HD or other disorder.

 

Invaluable insights

 

The course closes with an important religious perspective on the HD cause. We ponder the question, “how could God allow people to suffer from disease?” We examine Pope Francis’s historic audience with the HD community in 2017 and his declaration that HD should be “hidden no more!”

 

One of my projects at USD is to publish an annotated collection of about a dozen or some of my blog articles.

 

My interaction with the students and their thoughts on my blog and the HD cause will provide invaluable insights for that project.

 

A ‘very meaningful’ experience

 

The course has also underscored for me the fact that Huntington’s disease is still not a household word in the U.S. as compared to Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), and other disorders. For most of the students, it is their first exposure to HD.

 

HD families still lack an effective therapy.

 

In a very poignant way, the course introduces young people to something we all share: mortality. Tragically, last year a vibrant and accomplished 42-year-old USD sociology professor, Greg Prieto, Ph.D., died of cancer – after offering his own reflections on facing death.

 

With A History of the Brain, I hope to have move us a bit further towards the greater awareness that the HD community still needs.

 

My students’ HD Awareness Month Instagram post is an example of the impact the course has had.

 

In an e-mail to me, Mia Wilde reported that the post had some 600 views and 100 likes, “a really great amount of engagement.”

 

“Another person reached out asking what Huntington’s disease was, so I gave them a brief overview about it being a hereditary disease and shared some of what we learned in class,” Wilde wrote.

 

Another person told Wilde that “it was such a thoughtful thing that we were doing because they had a friend who had Huntington’s disease before, which I thought was very meaningful to hear.”