On June 17, uniQure announced a new plan to apply to the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) to seek approval of its gene therapy for Huntington’s
disease – a dramatic shift after the
agency had last year blocked the drug despite results showing, for the first
time, that HD progression could be slowed.
The
announcement comes in the wake of the May 12 resignation of the head of the
crisis-ridden FDA, which has clashed with uniQure.
In
a press release, uniQure reported that, at a recent meeting with the FDA,
the agency had accepted that the three-year analysis of the drug, AMT-130,
which the company has presented as demonstrating efficacy against HD, can serve
as the “primary basis” for a drug approval application.
uniQure
aims to apply in the third quarter of this year. In alignment with the FDA, the
company will also conduct a “confirmatory study” to further test the efficacy
of AMT-130. According to early-stage clinical trial results reported by
uniQure, AMT-130 had demonstrated a 75 percent slowing in HD over a three-year
period – a historic achievement.
For
the confirmatory study, uniQure will work with the FDA to determine how to
evaluate a “concurrent control,” that is, a placebo or comparator to measure
drug efficacy in those not receiving the drug. According to the press release,
this study would not include a sham surgery as a placebo – a requirement
introduced in March by the FDA but considered by many to be unethical because
of the already harmful symptoms of HD.
According
to the press release, the FDA has agreed that uniQure can, for a comparator,
still use the patient information from the important Enroll-HD database of affected individuals – a major point of contention in the FDA’s surprise reversal of its promises regarding the study
of AMT-130.
“Today's
announcement reflects the outcome we have worked toward throughout our
continued regulatory engagement with FDA, and we are deeply grateful for FDA’s
genuine commitment to addressing the unmet need of Americans living with
Huntington’s disease,” Matt Kapusta, uniQure CEO, stated in the release. “The
FDA has agreed that our current clinical data can support a near-term BLA
[biologics license application] submission and has committed to work expeditiously with us to align on the
design of the required confirmatory study.”
‘A meaningful step forward’
The
new understanding with the FDA represents a significant shift, because, after
previously clashing with uniQure, the FDA recommended in March that the firm
conduct a full-blown Phase III clinical trial, including the use of a sham
surgery.
“Today’s
announcement from uniQure represents an encouraging and meaningful step forward
for the Huntington’s disease community,” Amy Gray, president and CEO of the
Huntington’s Disease Society of America (HDSA), stated in a press release.
“I applaud the leadership at the FDA for allowing uniQure to take this
important step forward in the development of its investigational treatment for
Huntington’s disease.
Gray
added that “this progress did not happen in isolation.” Following “regulatory
hurdles,” the HD community “united like never before.” HD advocates delivered
to the FDA two petitions with more than 48,000 signatures in favor of AMT-130.
According to Gray, more than 11,000 messages to Congress, participation in
legislative meetings, and sharing of personal stories added to the impact.
“I
am deeply grateful to the Members of Congress who stood with Huntington’s
disease patients and families during this effort,” Gray said. “Their
willingness to engage with the FDA, ask important questions, and advocate for a
regulatory framework that reflects the realities of rare disease research
helped ensure that the voices of our community were heard.”
A whirlwind of developments
The
uniQure announcement about AMT-130 came in at the end of a whirlwind of recent
developments. The HD community has regrouped in support of improved drug
discovery policy at the crisis-ridden FDA.
On
April 30, uniQure took the case for its drug to the United Kingdom’s Medicines
and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) as a first step to seek
approval in that country. The company plans to submit an application in the third
quarter of 2026.
On
May 12 FDA Commissioner Marty Makary, a Trump administration appointee,
resigned after what STAT considered to be the “worst” leadership of the agency
in 25 years because of “a fundamental lack of understanding of the nature of
the role, of the functions of his agency, and of the needs of the employees who
worked for him.” His departure prompted calls for rebuilding public trust
in, and better leadership at, the FDA (click here and here to read more).
On
June 1, the FDA announced that Acting Commissioner Kyle Diamantas would meet with rare disease group leaders to seek to steady operations and mend fences with disease
groups. That meeting took place on June 3.
Jeff
Allen, CEO of Friends of Cancer Research, described the encounter as a “breath of fresh air.”
The
FDA did not invite HDSA and other HD advocacy organizations to join the
meeting. The FDA declined to answer questions. As of publication time, a message left at the National Organization for Rare Disorders seeking comment had not been returned.
A key briefing on rare diseases
However,
on June 2, HDSA CEO Gray moderated a panel of five rare disease community
representatives at a bipartisan congressional townhall briefing in Washington,
D.C., titled “The Pathway to Cures and Treatments for Rare Diseases.”
“Rare
disease families need a clear and sustainable pathway to research, treatments,
and care,” said Gray in an HDSA press release about the event, available on
YouTube. “This briefing is
an important opportunity to bring patient advocacy organizations, scientific
leaders, policy experts, and lawmakers together to discuss how we can advance
meaningful progress for families impacted by rare diseases.”
With
more than 40 people in attendance, the meeting highlighted the suffering of
people with rare diseases, the urgent need for effective treatments, and the
need to improve the FDA’s procedures. It included comments from both a
Democratic and a Republican member of the House of Representatives.
The Pathway to Cures and Treatments for Rare Diseases congressional townhall briefing at the Rayburn House Office Building, Washington, D.C., June 2. From left to right, Kathryn Bryant Knudon, The Speak Foundation; Emily Gantman, Ph.D., CHDI Foundation; Lauren Moore, Ph.D., National Ataxia Foundation; Monet Stanford, PharmD, Washington Analysis; Tamara Maiuri, Ph.D., HDSA; Amy Gray, HDSA; and Rep. Jake Auchincloss (screenshot by Gene Veritas, aka Kenneth P. Serbin)
Bringing ‘smart’ leadership to the FDA
Rep. Jake Auchincloss, a Democrat from the
greater Boston area and a member of a family of physician-scientists, said that
he was “passionate” about the issue of rare disease drug development. He is on
the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee of Energy and Commerce.
The
subcommittee oversees the FDA. Auchincloss’s focus includes clinical trial reform, which the panelists agreed was important for rare disease
drug development.
“While
the science has never been better in trying to unlock those answers, the
politics has never been worse,” Auchincloss said at the briefing.
Auchincloss
spoke of the need for change on three fronts involving science and research: to
bring U.S. research spending back to its previously high levels; to bring
“smart” leadership back to the FDA; and to require insurance companies to cover
the many new rare disease therapies on the horizon.
Auchincloss
added that the “most urgent issue now” is to stop the Trump administration’s
“unprecedented” cutting of National Institutes of Health grants without the
time-honored standard peer review.
‘Cut the red tape’
Rep. Morgan Griffith, a Republican who represents far western Virginia, chairs
the Subcommittee on Health. He supports the cause of the ALS (amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis) community and pediatric cancer. He spoke about how people
with rare diseases in remote areas have difficulty accessing clinical trials in
urban areas.
Griffith
also spoke movingly of the two HD families he has gotten to know.
He
agreed with Auchincloss’s approach regarding the FDA and clinical trial reform.
The two speak regularly on these issues.
“We
have to figure out a better way to do it,” Griffith said. “It needs to be
bipartisan.”
Auchincloss
is not seeking more money from the government but simply to “cut through the
red tape” regarding drug development, Griffith said, adding that people with
rare diseases should not be required to “jump through the same hoops” as those
participating in clinical trials for less difficult conditions such as nausea.
‘We were finally heard’
On
September 17 and 18, news about AMT-130 dominated bioscience headlines after
the uniQure announcement – and provided a needed boost to the HD community.
“I’m
literally crying right now,” Lauren Holder, a Help4HD International Advocate and, like me, an HD gene carrier, told STAT. “I’m so happy that I don’t even know how to put what I’m
feeling into words.”
Holder
added, “This is the best-case scenario for our community.”
“This happened because dedicated patient
advocates refused to give up, because this community continued to show up,
speak up, and fight, even when it felt like no one was listening,” she said.
“Today, it feels like we were finally heard.”