Annual Huntington Study Group meeting reveals an HD community energized to aid families, develop treatments

Moved online because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the 27th Annual Huntington Study Group Meeting nevertheless revealed an HD community committed to aiding affected families and developing cutting-edge treatments.

Originally scheduled for Atlanta, GA, the virtual conference took place from October 29-31, with more than 800 scientific and medical participants from around the world. The meeting featured two days of presentations concerning care of HD-afflicted individuals, as well as updates on key clinical trial programs, aimed at producing drugs.

 

On Family Day, which drew an estimated 180 additional people, the affected, caregivers, and advocates heard both expert presentations on coping with HD and highlights regarding research.

 

Research moving full steam ahead

 

Martha Nance, M.D., a long-time member of the Huntington Study Group (HSG) and the director of Family Day organizing committee, kicked off that event with a reflection on the “highlights and lowlights” of 2020 so far. A neurologist and frequent sounding board for this blog, Dr. Nance is also the medical director of the Huntington’s Disease Society of America (HDSA) Center of Excellence at Hennepin County Medical Center in Minneapolis, MN.

 

We all know the lowlights, Dr. Nance said: the COVID-19 pandemic, the death of George Floyd in Minneapolis, the 2020 election with its uncertainty, and climate change.

 

“For me, a highlight of this entire year was this meeting,” Dr. Nance said, referring to the great progress in HD research. “The last two days we heard about more things than you can shake a stick at.”

 

Dr. Nance listed the important developments detailed in the scientific talks, including several innovative ways to potentially block the harmful effects of the mutant huntingtin gene. Both the scientists and family members got updates on GENERATION HD1, the historic, in-progress gene silencing clinical trial by Roche aimed at reducing the amount of toxic huntingtin protein in the brain.

 

At the conference, several speakers referred to temporary slowdowns in research programs because of the new safety protocols resulting from COVID-19. Dr. Nance also noted difficulties in accessing some HD community members because of the pandemic in the U.S. and abroad, although she also has observed a helpful “explosion” in telemedicine.

 

However, despite the uncertainty about overall scientific research funding because of the COVID-19 crisis, “research is alive and well in Huntington’s disease,” Dr. Nance stated. “If what happened at this meeting continues, research in Huntington’s disease is moving full steam ahead.”

 

“I found the meeting to be energizing,” Dr. Nance concluded in an e-mail to me on October 31.

 

For detailed reports of the research presentations, see HDBuzz’s coverage by clicking here and here.

 

For the next year, HSG is providing access to on-demand recordings of the conference talks and other events. Click here to register for access.

 

‘Heroes,’ and a thank-you for me

 

Dr. Nance devoted most of her Family Day introduction to counterpoising the difficulties of 2020 with the stories of “heroes” who have stepped up to assist others in the HD community by exercising their unique skills.

 

“We need to hear about some people who’ve done good things,” she explained. “I hope that you can emboldened, empowered by some of these heroes.”

 

Dr. Nance – to my surprise and appreciation – began with the example of me, Gene Veritas (aka Kenneth P. Serbin), the author of this blog, now in its sixteenth year. Dr. Nance recalled how she and I had worked together on our college newspaper (click here to read more). She said that I use my journalistic skills to help inform the HD community, and to be “very up front about my struggles and fears” as a carrier of the HD mutation.

 

I write in this article about myself because Dr. Nance stressed how important it is for the HD community to be informed about its social ramifications.

 

‘I can’t breathe’

 

Dr. Nance recalled my September 2014 report on Jeffrey Bane, a West Virginia man arrested because the police misunderstood his HD symptoms to be the result of narcotics abuse (click here to read more).

 

Dr. Nance replayed the video of a bystander who had filmed Jeff suffering injuries as the police held him to the ground, thinking that, with his involuntary, HD-caused movements, he was resisting arrest. “I can’t breathe,” Jeff said desperately as he asked the officers for help.

 

Jeff only received the help of paramedics after the police had held him to the ground for almost ten minutes, Dr. Nance pointed out. 

 

Then she asked the attendees “to just take a deep breath, pause, and think for a minute.”

 

After 54 seconds elapsed, she resumed her presentation. “Hopefully you took a deep breath,” she said. “I think probably you felt anger, hate, sorrow, sadness, fear, anxiety.”

 

She continued: “We can’t change something that happened six years ago. What we can do is try as hard as we can to keep events like this from happening against in the HD community.”

 

Dr. Nance noted that HDSA has a toolkit for educating first responders, police officers, and fire personnel about HD. The organization provides other resources (such as a special HD ID card) to help HD-affected individuals and their families prepare for potential encounters with the police, she added.

 

(I have explored these crucial themes in other articles. Click here to read more.)

 

‘Your life matters’

 

In examples surely moving to the audience, Dr. Nance presented the stories of several other HD “heroes.” 

 

Inducted into the Minnesota Auctioneers’ Hall of Fame in 2005, Joe, whose wife and daughter died of HD, took “his grief, his sadness, his sorrow” and raised money and bought electric toothbrushes for hundreds of HD-afflicted people, Dr. Nance recalled.

 

As a ten-year-old watching his mother face HD, B. J. Viau started an annual basketball hoop-a-thon that over the years raised some $750,000 for HD research. Among other things, B. J. went on to become one of the founders of the highly active international Huntington’s Disease Youth Organization. 

 

Diagnosed at ten with juvenile HD, Elli started kickball tournaments to support the cause. She became an internationally recognized HD advocate.

 

Dr. Nance also recognized the 791 “heroes” who are taking part in the GENERATION HD1 clinical trial.

 

With HD, she said, it’s easy to become angry, sad, and depressed. However, people can also “stand up tall” to help others. We need more everyday heroes, she added.

 

“Your life matters – not to take away from anybody else whose life matters,” Dr. Nance said in closing. “What you do makes a difference.”

 

Dr. Martha Nance (left) praises the advocacy of juvenile Huntington's disease-affected Elli Hofmeister (in images at right) at the virtual 2020 HSG Family Day (screenshot by Gene Veritas).

‘Navigating’ the Huntington’s disease community towards crucial clinical trials

As scientists and drug companies expand the array of potential treatments for Huntington’s disease, the Huntington Study Group (HSG), the world’s largest HD clinical research network, is redoubling its efforts to educate the HD community for current and upcoming clinical trials and train the necessary medical personnel.

A record 700-plus participants focused on these themes at the 26th annual HSG Meeting, titled “HSG 2019: Navigating HD,” November 7-9 at the Hyatt Regency hotel in Sacramento, CA. (Attendance at the HSG 2017 and 2018 meetings was over 600.)

Clinical trials are crucial for demonstrating drug safety and efficacy. The number of HD trials has increased in recent years, bringing hope for better treatment of the devastating symptoms and perhaps even an attack on the root causes. Key trials in progress include GENERATION HD1, run by Roche, and SIGNAL, administered by the HSG and Vaccinex.

“Figuring out how these trials are going to work, what they’re aiming to do, and what an individual patient or family should do to get involved or not get involved has become complicated, to some extent,” Andrew Feigin, M.D., the HSG chair and a professor of neurology at New York University Langone Health, told me in a November 6 interview. “That’s my interpretation of the ‘navigating HD.’ We’re trying to get at some of these novel therapies and clarify where they’re headed, where they stand, how the HSG can get more involved, and figuring out where people can go for the cutting-edge therapies for Huntington’s disease.”

In the conference-opening “HSG State of the Union” presentation by HSG leaders and staff, executive director Shari Kinel, J.D., reported that the event involved 15 countries, 23 companies, 9 advocacy groups, 17 sponsors, and 15 exhibitors. The sponsors included Roche’s American subsidiary Genentech and Vaccinex.

“This incredible showing […] is a sign that the HSG has more partners, more colleagues, more friends than ever who are engaged, dedicated, and committed to seeking treatments that make a difference for those impacted by Huntington’s disease,” Kinel told the audience.

Dr. Feigin affirmed that in the past year, the HSG has doubled its paid staff from four to eight, plus one part-timer, although he declined to reveal the organization’s annual budget. Headquartered in Rochester, NY, the HSG is mainly funded by firms like Vaccinex that it partners with on clinical trials, he explained. Sponsors cover the cost of the annual meeting.

The audience watches a presentation by Dr. Arthur Combs at the "HD Innovators Forum" at the 26th annual HSG Meeting (photo by Gene Veritas, aka Kenneth P. Serbin)

A full-service organization

The HSG was founded in 1993, the year of the discovery of the huntingtin gene. Dr. Feigin described the nonprofit organization as a “full-service” contract research organization that can carry out all aspects of an HD clinical trial.

In her speech, Kinel stated that the HSG member network includes 801 investigators (researchers), trial coordinators, scientists, and HD experts. Around the globe, the organization has credentialed 127 sites for HD trials, and HSG members have worked with more than 21,000 HD-affected individuals, she said.

The HSG also developed the Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS), the primary assessment tool in HD clinical trials. It consists of tests of a person’s movements, cognition, behavior, independence, and functional capacity.

The “HSG State of the Union” presentation outlined the HSG’s mission, accomplishments, clinical trials, educational activities, efforts to improve patient care, and plans for the future.

You can watch the presentation in the video below. Click here for my video album of the event, which included a variety of presentations on patient care, clinical trial techniques and measurements, new scientific findings, and innovations in drug and clinical trial development.

Seeking a better drug to treat chorea

Prior to the main conference, the HSG held organizational meetings for KINECT-HD, a Phase 3 clinical trial by the HSG and San Diego-based drug developer Neurocrine Biosciences to test the efficacy of valbenazine to treat chorea, the involuntary movements typical in HD. 

The HSG ran the successful clinical trials of two other drugs for chorea, Xenazine and Austedo, the only HD-specific medicines to receive approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). On November 14, it issued a press release announcing the start of the 18-week trial, which seeks to enroll HD-affected individuals with chorea at 55 sites in the U.S. and Canada.

In 2017, valbenazine was approved by the FDA with the name Ingrezza for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia, an irreversible involuntary movement disorder. This status allowed Neurocrine and the HSG to take it directly into a Phase 3 trial for HD.

Like Xenazine and Austedo, valbenazine is a VMAT2 inhibitor. Xenazine requires three daily doses, and Austedo two. 

“The upside thing of valbenazine is that it’s a drug that can be dosed once daily,” said Dietrich Haubenberger, M.D., the Neurocrine medical director, in a presentation forming part of the “HD Research Round-Up” at the close of the scientific sessions on November 8.

Wearable sensors and the search for biomarkers

In the quest for HD treatments, researchers hunt for new biomarkers, that is, signs of the disease and the effect of remedies. Biomarkers are especially critical in brain-related diseases, because doctors cannot do biopsies on the organ.

With a key innovation, KINECT-HD will also look for biomarkers. It will be the HSG’s first trial in which participants use wearable sensors – for continuous monitoring of their movements and other biological functions, even at home. Researchers hope this more detailed monitoring will provide both a better understanding of chorea and valbenazine’s impact on it.

Called BioStamp nPoint, the sensors were designed by MC10, Inc., and cleared for use by the FDA. MC10 is based in Lexington, MA.

MC10 chief medical officer Arthur Combs, M.D., described the system at the conference’s “HD Innovators Forum.”

“It weighs less than eight grams [0.28 oz.],” Dr. Combs said, explaining that the sensor can be placed anywhere on the body and worn even during showers and swimming. “It’s like putting on a Band-Aid.”

MC10 developed 44 algorithms for the system to help measure trial participants’ data. In addition to chorea, BioStamp nPoint will help investigators observe individuals’ gait, heart rate, sleep, posture, and other bodily functions, Dr. Combs added.

In one previous study, “patients with symptomatic Huntington’s disease spent 50 percent of their day” lying down, he explained. That may be a response to exhaustion or the risk of falling, he said. Thus, the BioStamp nPoint system could help determine whether lying down is a “marker” for the disease, and whether less time at rest is a sign of drug efficacy, he said. It also accounts for the uniqueness of each patients, he added.

To obtain continuous data in GENERATION HD1, Roche developed an HD Digital Monitoring Platform, with participants wearing a smartwatch and using a smartphone.

You can watch Dr. Combs’ presentation in the video below.

The latest clinical trial news

In addition to Neurocrine, other firms reported on their clinical trials during the “HD Research Round-Up”: Voyager Therapeutics, uniQure, Wave Life Sciences, Vaccinex, and Roche.

The Roche GENERATION HD1 update of the company’s historic Phase 3 clinical trial of the drug RG6042 was one of the most anticipated. A gene-silencing drug, RG6042 is aimed at the roots of HD and caused a stunning improvement in the health of HD-affected mice. On October 14, Roche announced that it was expanding the number of trial participants from 660 to 801 and adding China to the nearly 20 countries in the study.

The announcement noted that recruitment in the U.S. had “exceeded expectations” and was now complete. Expanding the number of volunteers and adding China will allow for more abundant data and the study of a more diverse population, Roche said.

Enrollment for the Roche HD program has been “absolutely electric,” with over 800 individuals already in 2019 in GENERATION HD1 and related HD studies, said Scott Schobel, M.D., M.S., Roche’s associate group medical director and clinical science leader for RG6042 (click here to watch Dr. Schobel’s presentation). If the trial is successful, Roche will apply for drug approval from the FDA and regulatory agencies in other countries.

On November 9, HSG held a “Family Day” for the HD community, with presentations by advocates like me, presentations by scientists, and an update on GENERATION HD1.

In upcoming articles, I will report on Family Day and more of the scientific and clinical developments discussed at the meeting.

Disclosure: my travel expenses were covered by the HSG and the Department of History of the University of San Diego.

Another major supplement, creatine, proven ineffective in the fight against Huntington’s disease

For the second time in less than three months, a widely taken and long-studied dietary supplement envisioned as a potential treatment for Huntington’s disease has been proven ineffective, bringing a halt to a clinical trial.

Creatine, a supplement popular among body builders and readily available in health food stores, was studied in a clinical trial called CREST-E (Creatine Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy in Huntington’s Disease), which began in 2009 and was to be completed in 2016.

On October 29, the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), announced that it was discontinuing CREST-E because a preliminary analysis of the data “showed with high confidence that it was unlikely that the study would be able to show that creatine was effective in slowing loss of function in early symptomatic Huntington’s Disease.”

The study was carried out by the Huntington Study Group (HSG) and led by Dr. Steven Hersch of Massachusetts General Hospital and Dr. Giovanni Schifitto of the University of Rochester School of Medicine.

“The entire point of the CREST-E study was to determine whether creatine slows the course of HD or not, and the answer is, no, it does not,” Martha Nance, M.D., a member of the HSG executive committee, said in an e-mail. “Although this result is disappointing, it is still important, as it gives us a definite answer to the question: ‘I have HD. Should I take creatine?’ The answer is, ‘no.’”

“I recommend that all stop taking creatine,” Dr. LaVonne Goodman, the founder of Huntington’s Disease Drug Works (HDDW), said in an e-mail.

False hopes

Huntington’s disease typically reduces people’s energy levels. Scientists thought that creatine, which cells use to store energy, might help compensate for the energy deficit in brain cells and enable them to survive.

Positive results in animal studies regarding the impact of creatine, the rise of HDDW’s “treatment now” program ten years ago, and the advent of both CREST-E and a companion study in presymptomatic individuals known as PRECREST led to much discussion about the supplement in the HD community.

Many people have taken or considered taking creatine in the hopes of avoiding or ameliorating symptoms.

I have taken creatine for about ten years, beginning with my participation in the HDDW program.

Just after receiving the news about CREST-E yesterday, I received an e-mail from an individual inquiring about where to purchase creatine and what amount to take. I responded that “it is now recommended that nobody take creatine.”

HDBuzz.net also reported on the end of CREST-E, calling the new evidence against creatine “compelling.”

Awaiting HD-specific remedies

In mid-August, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the HSG stopped a clinical trial for coenzyme Q10, another widely taken supplement.

I outlined my approach to HD supplements and the pros and cons of the matter in a February article titled “To take, or not to take, unproven supplements in the fight against Huntington’s disease.” That article also reported on the hopes for PRECREST and CREST-E.

With the elimination of both coenzyme Q10 and creatine in rapid succession, the HD community is suddenly left without two potential treatments that supplied significant  hope.

However, supplements lack what researchers refer to as HD-specific approaches to treatments. They were not designed or marketed with HD in mind, whereas the new treatments currently under study will potentially attack the specific causes of Huntington’s.

Hope for effective treatments is on the rise as researchers and pharmaceutical firms gear up for new clinical trials such as the Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., gene-silencing approach announced for the first half of 2015.

“The important thing right now is to learn from ‘negative’ outcomes like this,” the HDBuzz article observed. “Studies like CREST-E have helped us, as a community, to get really good at designing, enrolling and running clinical trials, and understanding why particular treatments don’t work. Now we have the result of CREST-E, all that energy, enthusiasm and experience can be directed into testing other experimental treatments with a higher chance of success. One very solid benefit is that hundreds of volunteers are now freed up to sign up for other clinical trials enrolling now or in the near future.”

For the latest news on HD research and clinical trials, watch the video below for the update by Jody Corey-Bloom, M.D., Ph.D. (Note that the talk took place on October 27, before the announcement about creatine.)

2014 Huntington's Disease Research Update: A presentation by Dr. Jody Corey-Bloom from Gene Veritas on Vimeo.

The dire need for neurological treatments

I am now rethinking my approach to supplements. I have stopped taking coenzyme Q10.

I agree with the doctors’ recommendations to halt creatine. My breakfasts and dinners will no longer include a heaping teaspoon of fruit-flavored creatine dissolved in a glass of water.

Container with over-the-counter creatine (photo by Gene Veritas)

I will discard my remaining supply of creatine but keep the container as a piece of historical evidence in the quest for HD treatments.

It will also serve as a reminder of the dire need for truly effective approaches against a devastating disease that has reminded the world how the discovery of the first effective drug for any neurological disorder has continued to elude science.