Another major supplement, creatine, proven ineffective in the fight against Huntington’s disease

For the second time in less than three months, a widely taken and long-studied dietary supplement envisioned as a potential treatment for Huntington’s disease has been proven ineffective, bringing a halt to a clinical trial.

Creatine, a supplement popular among body builders and readily available in health food stores, was studied in a clinical trial called CREST-E (Creatine Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy in Huntington’s Disease), which began in 2009 and was to be completed in 2016.

On October 29, the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), announced that it was discontinuing CREST-E because a preliminary analysis of the data “showed with high confidence that it was unlikely that the study would be able to show that creatine was effective in slowing loss of function in early symptomatic Huntington’s Disease.”

The study was carried out by the Huntington Study Group (HSG) and led by Dr. Steven Hersch of Massachusetts General Hospital and Dr. Giovanni Schifitto of the University of Rochester School of Medicine.

“The entire point of the CREST-E study was to determine whether creatine slows the course of HD or not, and the answer is, no, it does not,” Martha Nance, M.D., a member of the HSG executive committee, said in an e-mail. “Although this result is disappointing, it is still important, as it gives us a definite answer to the question: ‘I have HD. Should I take creatine?’ The answer is, ‘no.’”

“I recommend that all stop taking creatine,” Dr. LaVonne Goodman, the founder of Huntington’s Disease Drug Works (HDDW), said in an e-mail.

False hopes

Huntington’s disease typically reduces people’s energy levels. Scientists thought that creatine, which cells use to store energy, might help compensate for the energy deficit in brain cells and enable them to survive.

Positive results in animal studies regarding the impact of creatine, the rise of HDDW’s “treatment now” program ten years ago, and the advent of both CREST-E and a companion study in presymptomatic individuals known as PRECREST led to much discussion about the supplement in the HD community.

Many people have taken or considered taking creatine in the hopes of avoiding or ameliorating symptoms.

I have taken creatine for about ten years, beginning with my participation in the HDDW program.

Just after receiving the news about CREST-E yesterday, I received an e-mail from an individual inquiring about where to purchase creatine and what amount to take. I responded that “it is now recommended that nobody take creatine.”

HDBuzz.net also reported on the end of CREST-E, calling the new evidence against creatine “compelling.”

Awaiting HD-specific remedies

In mid-August, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the HSG stopped a clinical trial for coenzyme Q10, another widely taken supplement.

I outlined my approach to HD supplements and the pros and cons of the matter in a February article titled “To take, or not to take, unproven supplements in the fight against Huntington’s disease.” That article also reported on the hopes for PRECREST and CREST-E.

With the elimination of both coenzyme Q10 and creatine in rapid succession, the HD community is suddenly left without two potential treatments that supplied significant  hope.

However, supplements lack what researchers refer to as HD-specific approaches to treatments. They were not designed or marketed with HD in mind, whereas the new treatments currently under study will potentially attack the specific causes of Huntington’s.

Hope for effective treatments is on the rise as researchers and pharmaceutical firms gear up for new clinical trials such as the Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., gene-silencing approach announced for the first half of 2015.

“The important thing right now is to learn from ‘negative’ outcomes like this,” the HDBuzz article observed. “Studies like CREST-E have helped us, as a community, to get really good at designing, enrolling and running clinical trials, and understanding why particular treatments don’t work. Now we have the result of CREST-E, all that energy, enthusiasm and experience can be directed into testing other experimental treatments with a higher chance of success. One very solid benefit is that hundreds of volunteers are now freed up to sign up for other clinical trials enrolling now or in the near future.”

For the latest news on HD research and clinical trials, watch the video below for the update by Jody Corey-Bloom, M.D., Ph.D. (Note that the talk took place on October 27, before the announcement about creatine.)

2014 Huntington's Disease Research Update: A presentation by Dr. Jody Corey-Bloom from Gene Veritas on Vimeo.

The dire need for neurological treatments

I am now rethinking my approach to supplements. I have stopped taking coenzyme Q10.

I agree with the doctors’ recommendations to halt creatine. My breakfasts and dinners will no longer include a heaping teaspoon of fruit-flavored creatine dissolved in a glass of water.

Container with over-the-counter creatine (photo by Gene Veritas)

I will discard my remaining supply of creatine but keep the container as a piece of historical evidence in the quest for HD treatments.

It will also serve as a reminder of the dire need for truly effective approaches against a devastating disease that has reminded the world how the discovery of the first effective drug for any neurological disorder has continued to elude science.

Bidding farewell to CoQ10: a long-studied supplement proves ineffective in the fight against Huntington’s disease

One of the first and most-studied potential treatments for alleviating the symptoms of  Huntington’s disease has proved ineffective, leading researchers to halt a clinical trial of the substance.

Along with many others in the HD community, I have taken the readily available supplement coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). As I wrote in a February article about the debate over unproven supplements, the lack of a treatment to slow HD’s devastation of the brain led me to take several of these substances in the hopes of staving off onset (click here to read more).

As reported August 13 by the HD science portal HDBuzz.net, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the Huntington’s Study Group (HSG) stopped the CoQ10 clinical trial this week because of lack of significant results.

“It seems clear now that coenzyme Q10 does not work for HD,” the HDBuzz article stated. “Looking back, the body of evidence used to decide to test CoQ10 in human patients was fairly limited. In fact, recent efforts to repeat the observation that CoQ10 makes HD mice better have failed.”

According to HDBuzz, the trial known as 2Care, was the “largest ever therapeutic trial for Huntington’s disease.” It had enrolled 609 participants with early HD symptoms from 48 sites throughout North America and Australia. Half received a placebo, while the other half took 2,400 mg of CoQ per day – four times the amount that I have taken.

My supplements, including coenzyme Q10 at far left (photo by Gene Veritas)

A natural substance, CoQ10 is found in all of our cells and helps to turn food into chemical energy. Starting in the mid-1990s, scientists hypothesized that CoQ10 might help alleviate the serious energy deficits found in the brains of HD patients.

In another recent clinical trial, CoQ10 was also shown to have no benefit in stopping early Parkinson’s disease symptoms.

After consulting with several HD specialists, I have decided to stop taking CoQ10. Given the demonstrated lack of efficacy against HD, I see no reason to continue.

Also, although inexpensive over-the-counter varieties of CoQ10 exist, I have taken a medical-grade form that has cost me $1,000 per year. (Health plans do not cover supplements.) I can use that money to relieve strain on the family budget and/or spend it on services such as psychotherapy that help me cope with my situation as an HD gene carrier.

For now, I will continue to take other supplements as detailed in my February article: trehalose, creatine, omega-3 oil, and blueberry extract. However, I also plan to carefully rethink this strategy in consultation with my neurologist and HD specialists. (For a 2012 overview of key supplements and HD by Dr. LaVonne Goodman, please click here.)

A process of elimination

“While the results of this study are disappointing to all of us – particularly the people with HD who faithfully took the drug …  every day for as long as five years, and subjected themselves to blood draws and neurologic exams and questionnaires and surveys as part of their participation in the study – they are nonetheless very important,” Martha Nance, M.D., the director of the Huntington’s Disease Society of America (HDSA) Center of Excellence at Hennepin County Medical Center in Minneapolis wrote in an e-mail response to my request for comment. “Knowing that coenzyme Q10 DOESN’T work will spare the HD families of today and tomorrow the expense of the supplement, and the false hope that it created.”

Dr. Martha Nance: trial result ends "false hope" about CoQ10.

“Nobody said that finding a cure for HD would be easy, but I think that HD patients and families should be enormously proud of their efforts in this study – a commitment that can only help us with the future trials and challenges ahead,” Jody Corey-Bloom, M.D., Ph.D., the director of the HDSA Center of Excellence at the University of California, San Diego, wrote in an e-mail.

The process of elimination in scientific and clinical research is a slow, meticulous, but necessary part of the quest for treatments. Only one in ten clinical trials results in an effective drug. Understanding what doesn’t work expands scientists’ knowledge of the disease.

“We can now divert the resources that were going to be used for the 2CARE study to other studies with a better chance of working,” the HDBuzz article pointed out. “In fact, it’s likely that the next year or two will see the launch of several trials targeting specific mechanisms underlying HD, rather than ‘generally beneficial’ compounds like CoQ10.”

Added Dr. Nance: “We are actively pursuing many other avenues in HD research, and hope that many people will share the wonderful attitude of my patient (I will call her Susan), who said: ‘So, Dr. Nance, I'm sorry that this one is over, but now can I enroll in another HD research study?!’”

Closing out a complex relationship

For me, the end of the 2Care trial closes out nearly two decades of a complex relationship with CoQ10.

I first started taking an over-the-counter variety in early 1996, just weeks after learning of my mother’s diagnosis for HD. With a 50-50 chance of inheriting the gene for a devastating, incurable brain disorder that was inexorably destroying my mother’s personality and ability to think and walk, I grasped for whatever might provide the slimmest of hope.

In the mid-2000s, I started taking a higher grade of CoQ10 along with other above-mentioned supplements in a study under the Huntington’s Disease Drug Works program, which at the time emphasized a “treatment now” approach for a community desperate for solutions. After the study ended, I continued to take the substances and paid for them out of pocket.

CoQ became part of my daily ritual. I broke up the 600 mg chalky, yellow, sweetened CoQ10 tablet into four parts, which I took methodically at breakfast, lunch, and before and after dinner.

Although I knew there was no evidence about CoQ10’s efficacy, I believe it may have had a placebo effect. At 54, I have passed my mother’s age of onset. Now whatever placebo effect might have existed will disappear. In my particular use of CoQ10 and the other supplements, however, an actual placebo effect is scientifically unproven. In addition, scientists are getting closer to understanding the factors (such as a modifier gene) that trigger HD onset.

Throughout my journey with CoQ10, I always viewed it as peripheral at best. I believed that the best hopes lay with the potential remedies such as gene silencing aimed at the root causes of the disease.

Knowing the complexity of HD, I knew that a dietary supplement such as CoQ10 provided no more than a sliver of hope.

As I bid farewell to CoQ10 and the idea that it could delay onset, I’m once again forced to rethink how to survive in the gray zone between my genetic test result and the inevitable onset of an incurable disease. With science as a guide, I'm adjusting what is essentially an attempt at self-treatment.